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| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd. ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.
''MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.'', , is a United States Supreme Court decision in which the Court unanimously held that defendant peer-to-peer file sharing companies Grokster and Streamcast (maker of Morpheus) could be sued for inducing copyright infringement for acts taken in the course of marketing file sharing software. The plaintiffs were a consortium of 28 of the largest entertainment companies (led by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios).
== Background ==
The case is frequently characterized as a re-examination of the issues in ''Sony Corp. v. Universal City Studios'', 464 U.S. 417 (1984) — AKA the "Betamax case", a decision that protected VCR manufacturers from liability for contributory infringement. MGM wants makers of file sharing technology held liable for their users' copyright infringements. In ''Sony,'' the court held that technology could not be barred if it was "capable of substantial noninfringing uses."
Grokster came before the Supreme Court having already won in two previous courts. The United States District Court for the Central District of California originally dismissed the case in 2003, citing the Betamax decision. Then a higher court, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, upheld the lower court's decision after acknowledging that peer-to-peer ("P2P") software has legitimate and legal uses. Sharman Networks' Kazaa file sharing program was originally amongst the defendants, but was dropped because the company is based in Vanuatu.
Computer and Internet technology companies such as Intel, and trade associations including firms such as Yahoo! and Microsoft, filed ''amicus curiae'' briefs in support of the file sharing companies, while the RIAA and MPAA both sided with MGM. Interestingly, Napster filed a brief in support of the petitioner copyright holders.〔A list of briefs filed in the case is available at (copyright.gov ) and (eff.org ).〕 Billionaire Mark Cuban partially financed Grokster's fight before the Supreme Court.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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